Electrical Power Engineering

This trainer has been designed to provide the students with a fully comprehensive knowledge in Electrical Power Engineering systems.
The trainer is composed of a set of modules for the simulation of the various subsystems forming a complete electrical power system, from power generation to energy utilization.

High voltage components have been scaled down for obvious reasons: a real 380 kV power transmission line is represented by a 380 V line in the laboratory. However, the same low voltage industrial
equipment which is normally used in real systems has been used also in this laboratory, whenever this was feasible.

The trainer can be subdivided into four major study areas:
• Power Generation
• Power Transmission and Distribution
• Protection Techniques
• Energy Utilization
In the Power Generation section a two-pole alternator is investigated.
A dc shunt wound machine performs the drive function.
To determine some of the characteristics of the synchronous machine, the so called isolated operation situation is reproduced.
This is an operating mode in which the generator supplies only one single consumer.
Then, various synchronisation circuits are assembled and the response of the machine is investigated in a constant-voltage constantfrequency system. In this situation, voltage
and frequency are predetermined by the system and have constant values.
In the Power Transmission and Distribution section a three-winding transformer is investigated. Then, a model of an overhead high voltage power line is used to investigate its performance characteristics under various load conditions.
Circuit configurations are connected for the demonstration of different neutral point connections in three-phase mains systems.
Asymmetrical short-circuits are also simulated and reactive power compensation analysed.
In the Protection Techniques section instrument transformers, to reduce the high current and voltage values so that they can be measured safely and economically, are studied. Then, the procedures which are most commonly used in protective technology are introduced and the most frequently used relays (under/over voltage relays, definite and inverse time over-current relays, earth-fault relays, etc.) are investigated. Finally, over-voltage, under-voltage and earth fault monitoring and shortcircuit protection of high voltage lines are analyzed.
In the Energy Utilization section the problems related to reactive power compensation are discussed as well as the methods and the equipment relevant to measuring the electrical energy in ac current and in three-phase networks: active and reactive energy induction meters and maximum demand meters.

   
GTU101
GENERATION
GTU102
TRANSMISSION
GTU103
PROTECTION
GTU104
UTILIZATION
TOTAL
Variable three-phase power supply DL 1013T1
 
1
1
 
1
Variable dc power supply DL 1013T2
1
 
 
 
1
Line model DL 7901TT
 
2
1
 
2
Three-phase transformer DL 1080TT
 
1
1
 
1
Resistive load DL 1017R
1
1
1
1
1
Inductive load DL 1017L
1
1
 
1
1
Capacitive load DL 1017C
1
1
 
 
1
Shunt dc motor DL 1023PS
1
 
 
 
1
Three-phase synchronous machine DL 1026A
1
 
 
 
1
Three-phase squirrel cage motor DL 1021
 
 
 
1
1
Magnetic powder brake DL 1019P
 
 
 
1
1
Brake control unit DL 1054TT
 
 
 
1
1
Load cell DL 2006E
 
 
 
1
1
Optical transducer DL 2031M
1
 
 
1
1
Universal base DL 1013A
1
 
 
1
1
Electronic tachometer DL 2025DT
1
 
 
 
1
Experiment transformer DL 1055TT
1
 
1
 
1
Three-phase power supply DL 2108TAL
1
1
1
1
1
Variable dc power supply DL 2108T01
1
 
 
 
1
Power circuit breaker DL 2108T02
1
4
1
1
4
Double busbar with two disconnectors DL 2108T02/2
 
1
 
 
1
Double busbar with four disconnectors DL 2108T02/4
 
1
 
 
1
Line capacitor DL 2108T03
 
2
 
 
2
Petersen coil DL 2108T04
 
1
 
 
1
CT load DL 2108T10
 
 
1
 
1
VT load DL 2108T11
 
 
1
 
1
Under/over voltage time relay DL 2108T12
 
 
1
 
1
Inverse time over-current relay DL 2108T13
 
 
1
 
1
Deļ¬nite time over-current relay DL 2108T14
 
 
1
 
1
Combined over-current & earth fault relay DL 2108T15
 
 
1
 
1
Single-phase directional relay DL 2108T16
 
 
1
 
1
L/C loads DL 2108T17
 
 
1
 
1
Earth fault control relay DL 2108T18
 
 
1
 
1
Reactive power controller DL 2108T19
 
 
 
1
1
Switchable capacitor battery DL 2108T20
 
 
 
1
1
Moving coil ammeter 0-1000mA) DL 2109T1A
2
1
4
 
4
Moving coil ammeter (1,25-2.5A) DL 2109T2A5
2
3
1
2
3
Moving iron ammeter (5A) DL 2109T5A
 
 
2
 
2
Moving iron voltmeter (600V) DL 2109T1PV
1
2
 
 
2
Moving iron voltmeter (125-250-500V) DL 2109T3PV
 
3
4
1
4
Synchronization indicator DL 2109T1T
1
 
 
 
1
Phase sequence indicator DL 2109T2T
1
 
 
 
1
Double frequencymeter DL 2109T16/2
1
 
 
 
1
Double voltmeter (250-500V) DL 2109T17/2
1
 
 
 
1
Single-phase current transformer DL 2109T21
 
 
1
 
1
Three-phase current transformer DL 2109T22
 
 
1
 
1
Single-phase voltage transformer DL 2109T23
 
 
1
 
1
Three-phase voltage transformer DL 2109T24
 
 
1
 
1
Summation current transformer DL 2109T25
 
 
1
 
1
Power meter DL 2109T26
1
2
 
2
2
Power factor meter DL 2109T27
1
1
 
1
1
Three-phase kWh meter DL 2109T28
 
 
 
1
1
Three-phase power meter DL 2109T29
 
 
 
1
1
Three-phase kVArh meter DL 2109T31
 
 
 
1
1
Synchrono scope DL 2109T32
1
 
 
 
1
Moving coil ammeter (100-1000mA) DL 2109T1AB
1
 
 
 
1
Moving coil voltmeter (15-30V) DL 2109T2VB
1
 
 
 
1
Acoustic continuity tester DL BUZ
 
 
1
 
1
Electronic stopclock DL CRON
 
 
1
1
1
Accessories:  
 
 
 
 
 
Table with frame DL 2100T2
1
1
1
1
1
Storage cabinet DL 2100TA
1
1
1
1
1
Three-phase autotransformer
(for mains voltages different from 220/380 V) 		DL 2100ATT
1
1
1
1
1